In August of 1940, Leon Trotsky was sitting in his study in Mexico City.
It was a peaceful moment. A quiet moment. One that would soon be brutally disrupted.
For there was another man in the study with Trotsky – Ramon Mercader. And as Trosky started reading an article, Mercader hit him in the head with a mountaineering axe.
The blow proved fatal to Trotsky. And it caused outrage far beyond the Mexican capital.
For Trosky was no average citizen. He was a prominent writer and thinker, who also happened to be living in exile.
Yes, Trotsky – who helped form the U.S.S.R – had fled the bloc when he got on the wrong side of Joseph Stalin. And that separation seemingly negated the threat Trotsky posed to the Stalin regime.
Indeed, all Trotsky had left were his words. But those words still got him brutally murdered half a world away — at the behest of the regime.
Words, it seemed, could kill.
Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
So reads the First Amendment of the United States Constitution.
There are only six words in that clause dedicated to the right to speak in America. But one of those six words is freedom.
For years, we’ve pointed to that right. We’ve considered it to be tougher than Teflon. Something that differentiates the United States from other nations.
The power of this right was made evident by looking across our southern border. Leon Trotsky – an exile from a nation 7,000 miles away from Mexico – still found himself in mortal danger there for something he’d said.
Such an outcome would be considered unconstitutional in America. It simply wouldn’t be allowed.
Or would it?
Twenty-three years after Trotsky’s demise, United States President John F. Kennedy was riding in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, when a bullet ripped through his skull. He was rushed to Parkland Hospital and quickly pronounced dead.
Kennedy’s accused assassin – Lee Harvey Oswald – was himself murdered during a prisoner transport days later. And conspiracy theories continue as to whether someone else pulled the trigger on shot that felled the president. So, we don’t know the motive behind the murder of the leader of the free world.
But what is clear is that Kennedy’s words, as much as anything else, led to his demise.
You see, John F. Kennedy was barely halfway through his term as president when he was killed. Most of the signature actions we associate with him — such as space exploration and Civil Rights legislation — hadn’t occurred yet. Lyndon Johnson would ultimately take those across the finish line.
We associate those actions with Kennedy because of his words. Because of his speeches and addresses.
It was Kennedy who declared We choose to go to the moon in this decade. It was Kennedy who spoke pointedly against the advance of the U.S.S.R. on multiple occasions. It was Kennedy who spoke out against segregation following the attacks on protesters in Birmingham, Alabama.
Any of those words could have driven an aggrieved opponent to violence. And they ultimately did.
Words could kill.
About four and a half years after President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was gunned down in Memphis.
Much like Kennedy, King had towered over the 1960s. His activism in the service of the Black community had been extensive, and it led to extensive Civil Rights legislation.
But if we take a closer look at King’s contributions to that movement, it’s his words that come to the fore.
It was King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail that set a roadmap for his activism. It was King’s I have a dream speech that captivated so many — making his cause their cause.
Still, that cause – equal rights – was considered controversial in parts of our society. Indeed, an entire swath of the country was built on a platform that directly conflicted with that ideal.
So, an assassin decided to put an end to King’s letters and speeches. He spotted King on the balcony of a Memphis motel. And the assassin shot him.
Two months later, it was John F. Kennedy’s brother Robert who would meet an untimely demise. In the ensuing decades, President Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan would survive assassination attempts.
A stark reality was coming into view.
The carnage in Dallas wasn’t a one-off. It was the start of a trend.
Sure, people could say what they wanted in America. But if they were prominent enough, those words might keep them from seeing tomorrow.
This concept has come back into focus in recent years. President Donald Trump survived two assassination attempts while campaigning for his second term. And recently, conservative pundit Charlie Kirk was gunned down during an event at a Utah college.
Many have labeled these incidents as political violence, but that belies the point. These individuals were all targeted for exercising their First Amendment rights. And many of them paid the ultimate price.
Freedom of speech, it seems, only practically extends so far.
Back in 2008, I studied abroad in Chile.
Amid the peaks of the Andes and the serene beauty of the Pacific Ocean, I noticed something else – hordes of students engaging in protest.
As a college student who was months away from voting in his first U.S. Presidential election, I was intrigued by this development. But several people told me to stay away.
The police don’t play around here, they told me in Spanish. They show up in riot gear and use tear gas and water cannons. It will burn your eyes and ruin your clothes.
I was horrified by these descriptions. But the locals told me it had once been much worse.
During the reign of Augusto Pinochet, protestors weren’t merely sprayed with tear gas. They were whisked off to secret detention sites, never to be seen again.
It had been 18 years since that dictatorship ended and the disappearances ceased. But I could still see the wariness in the eyes of so many of the locals.
They were exceedingly kind. But they were also reserved. Even after four Pisco Sours, they were unlikely to speak their minds.
It was only those students – too young to remember the Pinochet era – who dared to speak up and face the tear gas.
This is the long shadow that censorship carries.
Rules and regulations, rights and freedoms – they supposedly set the groundwork for discourse. But once we see the blood splatter, or find our acquaintances whisked away, those guidelines go out the window.
The walls close in, and we clam up. A single bullet effectively silences multiple voices.
I worry about this fate befalling America.
Sure, the outliers and the extremists might continue to yammer on, even in the wake of violence. That is their prerogative, and the carnage will not deter them.
But what about the rest of us? Will we feel the same liberty to speak our minds, as we see the bloody corpses of orators on our screens?
I doubt it.
I’m not sure if there’s tidy way out of this conundrum. It’s hard to feel secure when violence is an omnipresent threat.
My only hope is for more of us to face our fears head-on. To leave the cocoon of self-censorship, and to share our thoughts with the world — as I’ve done here at Ember Trace for nearly a decade.
It’s a risk, yes. But it’s one worth taking.
Words can kill. But they can also change the world.
It’s high time we let them.
